浅论《孙子兵法》谋略思想对大学古代汉语教学的启示

《孙子兵法》这部我国古代最早最伟大的兵书,作为一种能激发学生兴趣的教学资源,它的理论在选择教师、教师做好授课前的准备、教学中采用灵活多样的授课方法等方面给古汉语教学提供了有益的启示。     

Studies on hollownesss regulation and properties of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers

The hollowness of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers was regulated successfully from 9 % to 80 % by adjusting the curing temperature of the partially crosslinked fibers. The partially crosslinked fibers was studied in detail by mass gained, tensile strength, solvent dissolution, SEM, IR, and TG analysis, and the prepared hollow phenolic fibers with different degrees of hollowness were characterized with SEM, tensile strength, TG-DSC and TG-MS. The results show that the factor determining the hollowness is the crosslinked extent of the partially crosslinked fibers and the hollow fibers with different degrees of hollowness have similar crosslinkage, mechanical properties and thermal stability.     

地方文化资源数字化保护与文化创意品牌塑造

以惠州龙门农民画产业化为例,惠州龙门农民画是以"南蛮文化"作为独特视角,展现南国传统民俗风情的民间绘画,被誉为世界民间艺术奇葩。分析了产业化发展进程中龙门农民画的艺术特色和文化价值,阐述了基于知识管理的龙门农民画数字化保护思路,并从文化创意角度对龙门农民画的文化品牌塑造进行了探讨。     

PRA参与式方法探讨广西食用菌生产问题

运用参与式农村评估方法,探讨分析广西食用菌生产发展的现状、问题及对策,得出结论,提出建议。     

番茄绿果与橙果间果实颜色及主要色素含量的遗传研究

对番茄组合绿樱(绿果)×金珠1号(橙果)的6个世代遗传群体(P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2)进行果色性状、番茄红素含量、叶绿素含量和胡萝卜素含量等的遗传规律分析。结果表明:正反交F1的果色性状无明显差异,而色素含量存在显著差异;说明番茄果色性状受核基因控制,而色素含量遗传除受核基因控制外还可能存在胞质效应。采用多世代联合分析法的分析结果表明,番茄绿果与橙果间的果色性状符合2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-A-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为73.42%、78.25%和61.41%,多基因遗传率分别为22.87%、15.35%和34.94%,即果色性状遗传的主基因遗传力较强;叶绿素含量符合1对负向显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX1-AEND-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为0、1.73%和0.65%,多基因遗传率分别为45.47%、0和37.82%,即主基因遗传力在BC2群体中最高,多基因遗传力在BC1群体中最高;番茄红素含量与胡萝卜素含量均符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-ADI-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为75.74%、1.79%、84.26%和61.53%、87.21%、81.05%,多基因遗传率分别为20.32%、74.12%、12.68%和0.68%、0、0,表明番茄红素含量和胡萝卜素含量的主基因遗传力较强。     

花椰菜主要性状遗传规律以及性状相关性分析

总结了花椰菜的单球质量、成熟期、株高株展、花球品质等主要性状的遗传规律以及性状之间的相关性,并得出结论:花椰菜主要性状遗传规律以及性状相关性研究对育种研究具有重要指导意义,但必须注重与田间调查相结合,只有将遗传规律与田间调查有机结合才能提高育种效率,提高育种水平。     

广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略

为了解铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属分布特征及探究污染农田的修复措施,以广西某铅锌矿影响区为研究对象,分别采集影响区自然土壤和农田耕作层土壤样品41个和277个,同时分别采集62个蔬菜和35个粮食样品,分析重金属含量。结果表明,铅锌矿影响区耕作层土壤As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr含量范围分别为4.50~104.8、0.031~36.26、24.80~2989、16.90~251.6、79.90~11 500和24.0~222.0 mg·kg~(-1);与土壤基线值相比,6种重金属的超标率分别为1.4%、91.7%、60%、60%、60%和0。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)中限值相比,大米样本As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为93%、86%、64%,玉米样本Pb、Cd含量超标率为100%、100%,叶菜类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为50%、100%、60%,根茎类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为23%、100%和100%,瓜果类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为14%、96%和100%。通过分析土壤和农产品重金属超标情况,确定As、Pb、Cd为优先控制的重金属,依据研究区土壤重金属污染空间分布特性,划为3个分区:轻度污染区(Cd污染区),建议采取活化剂+植物萃取去除污染物;中度污染区则采用钝化剂与低积累农作物结合的方式;重度污染区则不宜种植进入食物链的农作物,建议采取施加活化剂与种植超富集植物结合的方式降低土壤重金属含量。     

风化煤用量下覆膜和AM真菌对玉米生长和土壤微环境的影响

为缓解我国东部贫瘠土壤,以风化煤与覆膜为切入点,通过室内盆栽试验,研究两种覆膜方式(无覆膜和覆薄膜)和两个供试土壤基质(砂土基质和砂煤混合基质)下接种AM真菌对干旱胁迫时玉米生长特性、水分利用效率与土壤性状的影响。结果表明:两个覆膜方式下,砂煤混合基质相比砂土基质提高了接种AM真菌处理的玉米根系侵染率和土壤根外菌丝密度,但无明显差异;同时土壤总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素含量分别显著提高了80.0%~106.5%和55.0%~73.3%(P0.05)。同一覆膜方式下,砂煤混合基质接种AM真菌和CK处理的土壤有机碳、全氮与速效磷含量分别显著高于砂土基质下相应处理,但降低了土壤速效钾含量。砂煤混合基质下覆薄膜与接种AM真菌联合对玉米株高、生物量、叶片SPAD值及水分利用效率的促进效果最好;同时砂煤混合基质接种AM真菌处理提高了无覆膜下土壤蔗糖酶和全覆膜下过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶含量,分别比砂土基质下处理显著提高了46.8%~59.8%、37.9%~70.0%与57.8%~87.5%(P0.05)。研究表明施加一定量风化煤时,接种AM真菌和覆薄膜能够促进水分胁迫下的植物生长发育,改善水分利用效率和提高土壤肥力。     

Effects of soil drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange traits and chlorophyll fluorescence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Forsythia suspensa</Emphasis>

To clarify the changes in plant photosynthesis and mechanisms underlying those responses to gradually increasing soil drought stress and reveal quantitative relationships between photosynthesis and soil moisture, soil water conditions were controlled in greenhouse pot experiments using 2-year-old seedlings of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. Photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables were measured and analyzed under 13 gradients of soil water content. Net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), and water-use efficiency (W _UE) in the seedlings exhibited a clear threshold response to the relative soil water content (R _SWC). The highest P _N and W _UE occurred at R _SWC of 51.84 and 64.10%, respectively. Both P _N and W _UE were higher than the average levels at 39.79% ≤ R _SWC ≤ 73.04%. When R _SWC decreased from 51.84 to 37.52%, P _N, g _s, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C _i) markedly decreased with increasing drought stress; the corresponding stomatal limitation (L _s) substantially increased, and nonphotochemical quenching (N _PQ) also tended to increase, indicating that within this range of soil water content, excessive excitation energy was dispersed from photosystem II (PSII) in the form of heat, and the reduction in P _N was primarily due to stomatal limitation. While R _SWC decreased below 37.52%, there were significant decreases in the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F _v/F _m) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (q _P), and N _PQ; in contrast, minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state (F ₀) increased markedly. Thus, the major limiting factor for the P _N reduction changed to a nonstomatal limitation due to PSII damage. Therefore, an R _SWC of 37.52% is the maximum allowable water deficit for the normal growth of seedlings of F. suspensa, and a water content lower than this level should be avoided in field soil water management. Water contents should be maintained in the range of 39.79% ≤ R _SWC ≤ 73.04% to ensure normal function of the photosynthetic apparatus and high levels of photosynthesis and efficiency in F. suspensa.     

Effects of soil drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange traits and chlorophyll fluorescence in Forsythia suspensa

To clarify the changes in plant photosynthesis and mechanisms underlying those responses to gradually increasing soil drought stress and reveal quantitative relationships between photosynthesis and soil moisture,soil water conditions were controlled in greenhouse pot experiments using 2-year-old seedlings of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.) Vahl. Photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables were measured and analyzed under 13 gradients of soil water content. Net photosynthetic rate(PN), stomatal conductance(gs), and water-use efficiency(WUE) in the seedlings exhibited a clear threshold response to the relative soil water content(RSWC). The highest PNand WUEoccurred at RSWCof51.84 and 64.10%, respectively. Both PNand WUEwere higher than the average levels at 39.79% B RSWCB 73.04%. When RSWCdecreased from 51.84 to 37.52%,PN, gs, and the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)markedly decreased with increasing drought stress; the corresponding stomatal limitation(Ls) substantially increased, and nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ) also tended to increase, indicating that within this range of soil water content, excessive excitation energy was dispersed from photosystem II(PSII) in the form of heat, and the reduction in PNwas primarily due to stomatal limitation.While RSWCdecreased below 37.52%, there were significant decreases in the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry(Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry(UPSII), photochemical quenching(qP), and NPQ; in contrast, minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state(F0) increased markedly. Thus,the major limiting factor for the PNreduction changed to a nonstomatal limitation due to PSII damage. Therefore, an RSWCof 37.52% is the maximum allowable water deficit for the normal growth of seedlings of F. suspensa, and a water content lower than this level should be avoided in field soil water management. Water contents should be maintained in the range of 39.79% B RSWCB 73.04% to ensure normal function of the photosynthetic apparatus and high levels of photosynthesis and efficiency in F.suspensa.